The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) outlines 16 types of personalities. Each personality type has its own set of traits, preferences, and tendencies, which can significantly influence parenting styles. The personality types are based on 4 dichotomies:

• Extraversion (E) vs Introversion (I)
• Sensing (S) vs Intuition (N)
• Thinking (T) vs Feeling (F)
• Judging (J) vs Perceiving (P)

From the analytical and precise to the imaginative and holistic, each of the 16 personality types identified by the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) brings its own set of strengths and challenges to the realm of mathematics in school. Let's explore how each personality type might tackle math challenges:

1. ISTJ:
   • ISTJs approach math challenges with a systematic mindset. They excel in following established procedures and formulas, making them proficient in solving problems step by step. They prefer structured learning environments and are diligent in practicing math concepts until mastery is achieved.
2. ISFJ:
   • ISFJs are detail-oriented individuals who excel in understanding and applying mathematical concepts through hands-on practice. They may prefer learning in a supportive and nurturing environment where they can receive guidance and feedback from teachers or peers. Their patience and persistence serve them well in mastering complex mathematical problems.
3. INFJ:
   • INFJs approach math challenges with their intuitive insight and independent logic. They often seek to understand the underlying principles behind mathematical concepts and enjoy exploring different approaches to problem-solving. INFJs may thrive in environments that encourage independent exploration and allow them to make connections between seemingly unrelated concepts.
4. INTJ:
   • INTJs possess a strong analytical mind and a knack for strategic thinking, which makes them adept at solving complex mathematical problems. They enjoy delving into abstract concepts and devising innovative solutions to mathematical challenges. INTJs may prefer self-directed learning and excel in environments that allow them to explore mathematical concepts at their own pace.
5. ISTP:
   • ISTPs are pragmatic problem-solvers who excel in applying mathematical concepts to real-world situations. They enjoy hands-on learning experiences and may prefer practical applications of math over abstract theory. ISTPs thrive in environments that allow them to experiment and tinker with mathematical concepts to understand how they work in practice.
6. ISFP:
   • ISFPs approach math challenges with a creative and imaginative flair. They may struggle with abstract concepts but excel in visualizing mathematical problems and finding intuitive solutions the more practice problems they are exposed to. ISFPs may benefit from hands-on activities and visual aids that help them grasp mathematical concepts in a concrete manner.
7. INFP:
   • INFPs approach math challenges with a focus on understanding the deeper meanings behind mathematical concepts. They may push themselves to memorize formulas even though they struggle with rote memorization. INFPs may thrive in environments that foster creativity and allow them to explore the artistic side of mathematics, such as geometry or fractal patterns.
8. INTP:
   • INTPs possess a natural aptitude for mathematics, due to their analytical and logical thinking skills. They enjoy exploring abstract mathematical concepts and are adept at finding elegant solutions to complex problems. INTPs may excel in environments that encourage independent exploration and provide opportunities for intellectual challenge and stimulation.
9. ESTP:
   • ESTPs approach math challenges with a hands-on and practical mindset. They excel in applying mathematical concepts to real-world scenarios and may prefer learning through experiential activities rather than traditional classroom instruction. ESTPs thrive in dynamic environments that allow them to engage with math in a tangible and interactive way.
10. ESFP:
    • ESFPs approach math challenges with enthusiasm and creativity. They may struggle with abstract concepts but excel in applying mathematical principles to real-life situations. ESFPs may benefit from interactive learning experiences and hands-on activities that allow them to see the practical applications of math in action.
11. ENFP:
    • ENFPs approach math challenges with curiosity and a desire to explore different perspectives. They may struggle with traditional teaching methods but excel in finding innovative ways to understand mathematical concepts. ENFPs thrive in environments that allow them to collaborate with others and engage in lively discussions about mathematical ideas.
12. ENTP:
    • ENTPs possess a natural curiosity and intellectual agility that make them well-suited for tackling math challenges. They enjoy exploring complex mathematical concepts and are adept at finding creative solutions to problems. ENTPs may thrive in environments that encourage debate and critical thinking, allowing them to challenge conventional wisdom, think outside the box, and explore new ideas.
13. ESTJ:
    • ESTJs approach math challenges with a practical and goal-oriented mindset. They excel in following established procedures and may prefer structured learning environments with clear expectations and guidelines. ESTJs are diligent in their approach to mastering mathematical concepts and thrive in environments that emphasize discipline and accountability.
14. ESFJ:
    • ESFJs are empathetic individuals who excel in learning through hands-on experiences and collaboration with others. They may struggle with abstract concepts but thrive in supportive learning environments where they can receive guidance and encouragement from teachers or peers. ESFJs excel in applying mathematical principles to real-life situations and may prefer learning through practical examples.
15. ENFJ:
    • ENFJs approach math challenges with a focus on understanding the deeper logical meaning behind mathematical concepts. While they excel at learning independently, they enjoy working in collaborative learning environments where they can engage with others and exchange ideas. ENFJs may apply abstract theories to math and often thrive in environments where they get to work with their peers and collaborate on complex problems together.
16. ENTJ:
    • ENTJs possess a strategic mindset and a natural aptitude for problem-solving, making them well-suited for tackling math challenges. They excel in understanding complex mathematical concepts and are adept at devising efficient solutions to problems. ENTJs may prefer structured learning environments that allow them to set and achieve ambitious goals, and they thrive in environments that reward initiative and innovation.

Each personality type brings its own unique strengths and approaches to tackling math challenges in school. By understanding and leveraging these individual strengths, educators can create learning environments that cater to the diverse needs and preferences of students, ultimately fostering a deeper understanding and appreciation of mathematics for all.

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English classes offer students the opportunity to explore literature, develop critical thinking skills, and hone their communication abilities. By understanding how each of the Jungian functions can contribute to success in English, students can approach these courses with confidence and excel in their studies. Let's delve into how each function can be harnessed to enhance academic performance in English classes:

1. Introverted Thinking (Ti): Introverted Thinking plays a crucial role in English by focusing on analyzing information internally and understanding underlying themes and structures within literary works. Students who rely on Ti excel in English by critiquing plots and character arcs, questioning story components, and constructing logical arguments in their analyses. They benefit from organizing their thoughts systematically and delving deep into the nuances of literary interpretation.
2. Extroverted Thinking (Te): Extroverted Thinking emphasizes objective analysis and logical reasoning based on external data, which can be invaluable in English classes. Students who favor Te excel in English by approaching texts with a methodical mindset, constructing well-organized essays with clear arguments, and synthesizing evidence to support their interpretations. They thrive in structured environments where they can apply systematic approaches to literary analysis.
3. Introverted Feeling (Fi): Introverted Feeling contributes to success in English by connecting with personal values and emotions, allowing students to engage deeply with the themes and characters in literature. Students with a strong Fi excel by empathizing with the experiences of literary figures, exploring the emotional resonance of texts, and expressing their personal interpretations with conviction. They benefit from connecting with literature on a deeply personal level and finding meaning in their analyses.
4. Extroverted Feeling (Fe): Extroverted Feeling emphasizes understanding and responding to the emotions of others, which can be valuable in discussions and group projects in English classes. Students who utilize Fe excel by fostering inclusive environments, facilitating meaningful discussions, and collaborating effectively with peers to explore diverse perspectives on literary texts. They thrive in environments that encourage empathy and cooperation.
5. Introverted Sensing (Si): Introverted Sensing contributes to success in English by drawing on past experiences and memories to inform interpretations of literary works. Students with a strong Si excel by recalling details from texts, recognizing recurring themes or motifs, and making connections between different works of literature. They benefit from reviewing previous readings and identifying patterns to deepen their understanding of literary analysis.
6. Extroverted Sensing (Se): Extroverted Sensing emphasizes engaging with the present environment, which can be beneficial in experiencing literature through sensory details and vivid imagery. Students who favor Se excel in English by immersing themselves in the sensory aspects of texts, appreciating the language and imagery used by authors, and vividly describing scenes in their writing. They thrive in discussions that encourage close observation and sensory exploration of literary texts.
7. Introverted Intuition (Ni): Introverted Intuition plays a crucial role in English by synthesizing insights and uncovering underlying themes or patterns within literary works. Students with a strong Ni excel by identifying themes, anticipating narrative twists or symbolic meanings, and developing insightful interpretations that go beyond surface-level analysis. They benefit from exploring the deeper layers of literature and uncovering hidden meanings.
8. Extroverted Intuition (Ne): Extroverted Intuition emphasizes exploring possibilities and generating ideas, which can be valuable in approaching literature with creativity and imagination. Students who utilize Ne excel in English by brainstorming innovative interpretations, exploring alternative perspectives on texts, and generating original ideas for essays or creative projects. They thrive in environments that encourage experimentation and open-minded exploration of literary themes.

By understanding and leveraging the strengths of each Jungian function, students can approach English classes with a diverse toolkit for success. Whether it's through critical analysis, creative interpretation, or empathetic engagement with texts, embracing these functions can unlock new opportunities for growth and enrichment in the study of literature.

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Navigating the complexities of science courses requires a multifaceted approach that encompasses analytical thinking, creativity, and problem-solving skills. Understanding how each of the eight Jungian functions can contribute to academic success in science is crucial for students aiming to excel in these subjects. Let’s explore how each function can be utilized to enhance performance in science courses:

1. Introverted Thinking (Ti): Introverted Thinking focuses on analyzing information internally and understanding the underlying "why's" and "how's" behind everything. Students who rely on Ti can excel in science by dissecting complex concepts, identifying patterns, and formulating logical explanations. They benefit from breaking down problems into smaller components, organizing their thoughts systematically, and developing comprehensive theories.
2. Extroverted Thinking (Te): Extroverted Thinking emphasizes logical results and objective analysis of external data. Students who favor Te excel in science by approaching problems methodically, setting clear goals, and implementing efficient strategies to achieve results. They thrive in structured environments, where they can apply systematic approaches to experimentation, data interpretation, and decision-making.
3. Introverted Feeling (Fi): Introverted Feeling focuses on understanding personal values and emotional responses. While it may seem less directly applicable to science, students with a strong Fi can excel by connecting with their passion for discovery and making meaningful contributions to scientific research. They benefit from pursuing topics aligned with their values, exploring moral considerations in science, and advocating for causes they believe in.
4. Extroverted Feeling (Fe): Extroverted Feeling emphasizes understanding and responding to the emotions of others. Students who utilize Fe can excel in science by fostering collaborative environments, building strong relationships with peers and mentors, and effectively communicating their ideas. They thrive in group projects, where they can leverage their interpersonal skills to facilitate teamwork and consensus-building.
5. Introverted Sensing (Si): Introverted Sensing focuses on recalling past experiences and applying established procedures. Students with a strong Si can excel in science by drawing on their memory for details, following lab protocols accurately, and organizing information in a structured manner. They benefit from reviewing previous experiments, identifying trends, and applying lessons learned to new situations.
6. Extroverted Sensing (Se): Extroverted Sensing emphasizes engaging with the present environment and gathering concrete data through sensory experiences. Students who favor Se excel in science by actively observing phenomena, conducting hands-on experiments, and exploring the tangible aspects of scientific concepts. They thrive in lab settings, where they can immerse themselves in practical applications of theory.
7. Introverted Intuition (Ni): Introverted Intuition focuses on synthesizing insights and envisioning possibilities internally. Students with a strong Ni can excel in science by predicting outcomes, anticipating future trends, and generating innovative solutions to complex problems. They benefit from exploring interdisciplinary approaches, planning strategically, and working toward meaningful, longlasting outcomes.
8. Extroverted Intuition (Ne): Extroverted Intuition emphasizes exploring possibilities and generating ideas through external stimuli. Students who utilize Ne excel in science by brainstorming creative solutions, exploring alternative hypotheses, and embracing experimentation. They thrive in environments that encourage exploration and innovation, where they can contribute fresh perspectives and adapt to changing circumstances.

Incorporating these Jungian functions into your approach to science education can enhance your academic performance and foster a deeper understanding of scientific concepts. By recognizing your natural preferences and strengths, you can tailor your study habits, collaborate effectively with peers, and embrace diverse perspectives, ultimately setting yourself up for success in your scientific endeavors.

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High school science subjects can be both fascinating and challenging, requiring a unique set of skills and approaches for success. Understanding how your teen’s personality type influences their learning styles and strengths can greatly enhance their performance in these classes. 

The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) outlines 16 types of personalities. Each personality type has its own set of traits, preferences, and tendencies, which can significantly influence parenting styles. The personality types are based on 4 dichotomies:

• Extraversion (E) vs Introversion (I)
• Sensing (S) vs Intuition (N)
• Thinking (T) vs Feeling (F)
• Judging (J) vs Perceiving (P)

Let’s explore how each of the 16 Myers-Briggs personality types can excel in high school science:

1. ISTJ: ISTJs excel in high school science subjects due to their meticulous nature, strong memory, and attention to detail. They thrive in structured environments, making them adept at following lab protocols and conducting experiments accurately. Their strong sense of responsibility ensures they complete assignments on time and thoroughly review material, leading to solid understanding and retention of scientific concepts.
2. ISFJ: ISFJs excel in high school science by combining their empathy and organizational skills. They often excel in biology, where they can apply their nurturing instincts to understand living organisms. ISFJs are diligent students who benefit from creating organized study plans and seeking clarification when needed. Their reliable nature ensures they are dependable lab partners and contribute positively to group projects.
3. INFJ: INFJs excel in high school science subjects by integrating their intuition and independent thinking. They possess a deep understanding of complex scientific theories and enjoy exploring the philosophical implications of scientific discoveries. INFJs benefit from engaging in discussions with peers and teachers to deepen their understanding and broaden their perspectives. They are also very interested in the ethics of scientific research and application.
4. INTJ: INTJs excel in high school science due to their analytical and strategic approach. They thrive in subjects like physics and chemistry, where they can apply logical reasoning to solve problems. INTJs benefit from setting ambitious goals for themselves and pursuing independent research projects to delve deeper into their interests.
5. ISTP: ISTPs excel in high school science subjects because of their hands-on approach and natural curiosity. They enjoy experimenting with equipment and troubleshooting problems in the lab. ISTPs benefit from engaging in practical applications of scientific concepts and exploring how they can be applied in real-world scenarios.
6. ISFP: ISFPs excel in high school science by combining their artistic sensibilities with scientific exploration. They enjoy subjects like environmental science and geology, where they can connect with nature and express their creativity. ISFPs benefit from incorporating visual aids and creative projects into their studies to enhance their understanding of scientific concepts.
7. INFP: INFPs excel in high school science subjects by integrating their imagination and empathy. They enjoy exploring the interconnectedness of scientific disciplines and are passionate about environmental conservation and sustainability. INFPs benefit from incorporating their values into their scientific studies and advocating for causes they believe in.
8. INTP: INTPs excel in high school science due to their analytical prowess and love of problem-solving. They thrive in subjects like computer science and mathematics, where they can apply logic and critical thinking skills. INTPs benefit from exploring theoretical concepts and engaging in debates to refine their understanding of scientific principles.
9. ESTP: ESTPs excel in high school science subjects because of their hands-on approach and adaptability. They enjoy subjects like biology and anatomy, where they can engage in practical experiments and observe phenomena firsthand. ESTPs benefit from seeking out opportunities for real-world application of scientific concepts, such as internships, fieldwork, or extracurricular projects.
10. ESFP: ESFPs excel in high school science by bringing energy and enthusiasm to their studies. They enjoy subjects like chemistry and astronomy, where they can marvel at the wonders of the universe. ESFPs benefit from incorporating interactive activities, group discussions, fieldwork, and hands-on activities into their studies to keep themselves engaged and motivated.
11. ENFP: ENFPs excel in high school science subjects by integrating their creativity and curiosity. They enjoy exploring interdisciplinary topics and making connections between different scientific disciplines. ENFPs benefit when they can be creative with their experiments and have opportunities to collaborate with peers to explore new ideas and possibilities.
12. ENTP: ENTPs excel in high school science due to their innovative thinking and love of intellectual challenges. They thrive in subjects like physics and engineering, where they can apply their creativity to solve complex problems or experiment innovatively. ENTPs benefit from pursuing independent research projects and participating in debates to sharpen their analytical skills.
13. ESTJ: ESTJs excel in high school science subjects because of their strong work ethic and organizational skills. They enjoy subjects like chemistry and physiology, where they can apply systematic approaches to learning and problem-solving. ESTJs benefit from creating structured study plans and collaborating with peers to reinforce their understanding of scientific concepts.
14. ESFJ: ESFJs excel in high school science by leveraging their interpersonal skills and attention to detail. They excel in subjects like anatomy and psychology, where they can apply their understanding of human behavior to scientific concepts. ESFJs benefit from collaborating with classmates and seeking feedback from teachers to ensure a comprehensive understanding of the material. They also love to help others get excited about the discoveries they make.
15. ENFJ: ENFJs excel in high school science subjects by combining their charisma and empathy. They excel in subjects like biology and environmental science, where they can apply scientific principles to improve the well-being of others. ENFJs benefit from incorporating real-life examples and case studies into their studies to deepen their understanding of scientific concepts, and will find much enjoyment when they can inspire and emotionally influence others with the scientific discoveries they make.
16. ENTJ: ENTJs excel in high school science due to their leadership skills and strategic mindset. They thrive in subjects like biochemistry and genetics, where they can apply their analytical thinking to understand complex biological systems. ENTJs benefit from setting ambitious goals for themselves and taking on leadership roles in group projects to drive success.

Each Myers-Briggs personality type brings unique strengths and approaches to high school science subjects. By understanding these traits and leveraging them effectively, students can excel in their scientific studies and develop a deeper appreciation for the wonders of the natural world.

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Introverted Feeling (Fi) is a cognitive function that prioritizes internal values, emotions, and personal authenticity. 

Personality types dominant in Fi include: ISFP, INFP. However, it is important to note that cognition is fluid, so any personality type can develop strong Fi and excel at the careers and tasks that require Fi.

For teens embarking on the journey of career exploration, understanding how Fi influences their decision-making can offer valuable insights into finding a fulfilling career path. Here's how Introverted Feeling can guide teens towards professions that resonate with their innermost selves:

• Creative Arts: Whether in music, writing, visual arts, or performing arts, teens with Fi are often drawn to careers that allow them to express their innermost feelings and experiences. Creative professions provide an outlet for self-expression and authenticity, allowing individuals to share their unique perspectives with the world.
• Social Justice and Advocacy: Fighting for causes aligned with personal values and principles is a driving force for teens with Fi. Careers in social justice, activism, or advocacy enable them to advocate for marginalized communities, promote equality, and create positive social change based on their deeply held beliefs.
• Counseling and Therapy: Careers in counseling, psychology, or therapy often attract individuals with a strong Fi function. These roles allow teens to use their empathy, compassion, and deep understanding of their own emotions to help others navigate challenges, find healing, and achieve personal growth.
• Humanitarian Work: Working in humanitarian organizations or non-profit sectors allows teens with Fi to make a meaningful impact on the lives of others. These careers provide opportunities to address social issues, alleviate suffering, and contribute to building a more compassionate and equitable world.

In conclusion, understanding the influence of Introverted Feeling can guide teens towards careers that align with their values, passions, and sense of authenticity. By recognizing their innate empathy, compassion, and commitment to personal integrity, teens can explore opportunities in counseling, creative arts, social justice, humanitarian work, teaching, or mentoring, leading to fulfilling and purpose-driven careers.

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Extraverted Thinking (Te) is a cognitive function characterized by a focus on external systems, organization, and efficiency. 

Personality types dominant in Te include: ESTJ, ENTJ. However, it is important to note that cognition is fluid, so any personality type can develop strong Ti and excel at the careers and tasks that require Te.

For teens navigating the maze of career choices, understanding how Te influences their thinking can be illuminating and empowering. Here's how Extraverted Thinking can guide teens towards fulfilling career paths:

• Management and Leadership: Teens with a strong Te function often possess excellent organizational skills and a knack for optimizing processes. Careers in management, whether in business, project management, or team leadership, allow them to utilize their skills in structuring workflows, setting goals, and driving results.
• Consulting: Consulting roles often require individuals to analyze complex problems, develop strategies, and implement solutions within organizations. Teens with Te thrive in such environments, where they can leverage their logical approach to problem-solving and their ability to communicate and implement actionable plans effectively.
• Entrepreneurship: Building a business from the ground up demands not only creativity but also a strong sense of organization and strategic planning. Teens with Te excel in entrepreneurial ventures as they can efficiently organize resources, set clear objectives, and execute plans to achieve their business goals.
• Operations and Logistics: Careers in operations management, supply chain management, or logistics require individuals to streamline processes, manage resources effectively, and ensure optimal efficiency. Teens with Te enjoy the challenge of optimizing systems and finding practical solutions to improve organizational workflows.
• Policy Analysis and Government: Working in policy analysis or government roles involves analyzing data, developing policies, and implementing changes to improve societal systems. Teens with Te thrive in these environments as they can assess situations objectively, develop evidence-based policies, and navigate complex regulatory frameworks.

Understanding the power of Extraverted Thinking can guide teens towards career paths that align with their natural strengths and preferences. By recognizing their ability to organize, plan, and execute effectively, teens can explore opportunities in management, consulting, entrepreneurship, operations, or policy analysis, leading to fulfilling and successful careers.

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As parents, nurturing your children's cognitive-behavioral development is a priority. However, being proactive requires having a proper framework of understanding for how cognition works. 

According to Jungian psychology and evidence-based research on cognition and personality, we can understand our cognition through 8 categories of “cognitive functions.” This article will focus on 4 of the 8. 

Let's explore how parents can support their children in developing the healthy versions of these 4 functions while mitigating the risks associated with their unhealthy manifestations:

1. Introverted Sensing (Si)

Definition: specific, concrete perception of inner world

Healthy Si: attention to detail, strong memory recall, and a sense of tradition and nostalgia. 

Unhealthy Si: becoming overly resistant to change or fixated on past experiences. 

Parents can nurture healthy Si by providing a stable and predictable environment, encouraging routines and rituals, and fostering an appreciation for history and tradition. 

Guard against unhealthy Si by helping your child honor and uphold lessons from the past while still being open to new experiences, adaptability, and flexibility.

2. Extroverted Sensing (Se)

Definition: specific, concrete perception of outer world

Healthy Se: being present-focused, adventurous, and attuned to sensory experiences.

Unhealthy Se: sensory indulgence, hyperactivity, impulsivity, reckless behavior. 

Parents can support the healthy version of Se by encouraging outdoor activities, sports, and creative endeavors that engage the senses. 

Guard against unhealthy Se by teaching your child to balance spontaneity with consideration for consequences, patience, and self-discipline.

3. Introverted Intuition (Ni)

Definition: Broad, plethoric perception of inner world

Healthy Ni: insight, foresight, philosophizing, visionary imagination for meaningful, innovative ideas. 

Unhealthy Ni: detachment from reality, neglect of present responsibilities, extreme frustration with unexpected outcomes

Parents can foster healthy Ni by encouraging imaginative play, exploring metaphors and symbolism, and providing opportunities for reflection, theorizing, philosophizing, and future planning. 

Guard against unhealthy Ni by helping your child balance their focus on their future goals with activities they can enjoy at the present time. Guide them to seek evidence and diverse perspectives before drawing theoretical conclusions.

4. Extroverted Intuition (Ne)

Definition: Broad, plethoric perception of outer world

Healthy Ne: spontaneity, diversity, innovation, and adaptability.

Unhealthy Ne: scattered thinking, indecisiveness, disrespect for tradition, inability to adhere to routines 

Parents can support healthy Ne by encouraging curiosity, brainstorming activities, and exposure to diverse ideas and perspectives.

Guard against unhealthy Ne by helping your child think outside the box and try new things, without neglecting organization. 

 

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Extraverted Sensing (Se) is a cognitive function that focuses on living in the present moment, experiencing the world through the senses, and taking action based on immediate surroundings. 

Personality types dominant in Se include: ESFP, ENFP. However, it is important to note that cognition is fluid, so any personality type can develop strong Se and excel at the careers and tasks that require Se.

For teens seeking clarity in career choices, understanding how Se influences their perception and decision-making can be instrumental. Here's how Extraverted Sensing can guide teens towards career paths that align with their preference for hands-on experiences and tangible outcomes:

• Sports and Athletics: Careers in sports coaching, personal training, or professional athletics resonate with teens who have a strong Se function. These roles involve physical activity, competition, and a focus on performance, allowing individuals to immerse themselves in the present moment and excel in dynamic environments.
• Entrepreneurship and Startups: Building a business from scratch requires a keen awareness of market trends, consumer preferences, and the ability to seize opportunities in the moment. Teens with Se thrive in entrepreneurial ventures as they are adaptable, action-oriented, and adept at responding quickly to changing circumstances.
• Emergency Services and First Responders: Careers in emergency services, such as firefighting, paramedicine, or law enforcement, demand quick decision-making, physical agility, and the ability to remain calm under pressure. Teens with Se excel in these roles as they can react swiftly to emergencies and effectively assess and address immediate needs.
• Performing Arts and Entertainment: Careers in acting, music, dance, or filmmaking appeal to teens with a strong Se function as they provide opportunities for creative expression and sensory exploration. These roles allow individuals to engage their senses fully, captivate audiences, and evoke emotions through immersive experiences.
• Outdoor and Adventure Pursuits: Working in outdoor education, adventure tourism, or environmental conservation aligns well with the preferences of teens with Se. These careers offer opportunities to explore nature, engage in physical activities, and promote environmental stewardship through hands-on experiences.

In conclusion, understanding the influence of Extraverted Sensing can guide teens towards careers that prioritize sensory experiences, action-oriented tasks, and tangible outcomes. By recognizing their natural inclination towards living in the present moment, embracing physical challenges, and seeking immediate gratification, teens can explore opportunities in sports, entrepreneurship, emergency services, performing arts, outdoor pursuits, or other fields that offer dynamic and stimulating experiences, leading to fulfilling and adventurous careers.

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My Virtual Physician is now offering pediatric behavioral health services. If you are concerned about your child's mental health needs, please book appointment with our pediatric cognitive-behavioral coach, Dr. Dalson: BOOK HERE 

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Storytelling has long been recognized as a powerful tool for nurturing children's cognitive and behavioral development. And in the realm of children's literature, stories featuring talking animals hold a special place, captivating young minds with their whimsical tales and valuable life lessons. However, the benefits of these stories extend beyond mere entertainment; they can significantly impact the cognitive-behavioral well-being of both children and parents alike. 

Let’s explore how reading stories about talking animals can be beneficial for the cognitive-behavioral well-being of both children and parents.

Benefits for Children:

• Perspective-Taking: Through stories about talking animals, children are transported into imaginative worlds where animals possess human-like characteristics and emotions. Yet at the same time, the characters retain their animal identities, which means the characters will have experiences and lifestyles that differ from humans. By reading about such characters, children are prompted to adopt different perspectives, allowing them to empathize with the experiences and challenges faced by those who are different from them. By understanding the world through the eyes of talking animals, children develop empathy and a deeper appreciation for the diversity of perspectives.
• Imagination: The fantastical world of talking animals stimulates children's imaginations, transporting them to magical realms where anything is possible. Talking animal stories often feature characters from various species with distinct traits, abilities, and backgrounds. As children engage with these stories, they learn to recognize and appreciate differences among individuals, fostering inspiration for how these differences can offer value for the world. Exposure to such fictional characters will prompt children to explore endless possibilities, fueling their creativity and expanding their imaginative capacities for how they can improve or support different areas in the world.  
• Moral Inspiration and Motivation: Many stories about talking animals convey important moral lessons and values through the adventures of their characters. By witnessing animals displaying qualities such as bravery, kindness, and resilience, children are inspired to emulate these virtues in their own lives, fostering moral development and motivation for positive behavior. And the motivation for positive behavior is stronger than when reading stories about humans displaying the same qualities– since it is expected that fictional humans will act humanely with such qualities, children are much more excited when fictional animals adopt the same qualities as well. Consequently, reading about animals in fiction will more strongly inspire children to think critically and develop a sense of responsibility and integrity in their own decision-making.

Benefits for Parents:

• Perspective-Taking: While children engage in perspective-taking through the lens of talking animal characters, parents benefit from a different perspective shift. By immersing themselves in these stories alongside their children, parents gain insights into their children's thought processes and emotional experiences. This enhances their ability to empathize with their children's perspectives and strengthens the parent-child bond. Additionally, independently reading stories about animals can prompt adults to be more mindful about different perspectives and experiences other adults in their lives may have, such as colleagues, neighbors, or acquaintances. By becoming more mindful of other people’s perspectives, adults can be better prepared to help teach children how to understand and respect others’ differences.
• Imagination: Reading stories about talking animals alongside their children allows parents to reconnect with their own sense of imagination and wonder. Through the shared experience of exploring fantastical worlds and characters, parents can rediscover the joy of storytelling and ignite their own creative sparks. And since adults obviously have more life experience than a child, they can learn how to weigh reality and imagination, guiding their children to use their imaginations to handle what is realistically probable in addition to what is creatively possible. 
• Moral Inspiration and Motivation: The moral themes embedded in stories about talking animals provide parents with valuable opportunities to engage in discussions about ethics and values with their children. As parents guide their children through these conversations, they are reminded of the importance of modeling positive behavior and instilling moral principles in their children. As adults, it is easy to mistakenly believe that because we are older, we already know what’s good for us and what moral decisions we should be making. It’s even easier to mistakenly believe that morality is subjective and that anyone who is old enough can decide what is right and wrong in their own eyes, and that we are in no need of further teaching on moral lessons. However, since no human is perfect, there will always be endless opportunities for each human to self-grow and become better versions of themselves. By reflecting on stories where non-human characters make moral decisions that humans are aware of, adults can stay mindful that even simple moral lessons hold great weight and should not be taken for granted. Such stories also prompt us to reflect more deeply on certain moral lessons, and just the state of imagining a cute or ferocious animal making good, moral decisions like a human can help us better appreciate the value that such moral lessons can have in our lives.

There are many cognitive-behavioral benefits for children and parents when it comes to reading and reflecting on animal stories. While children develop empathy and critical thinking skills, parents gain insights into their children's perspectives while enhancing their own understanding of diversity and ethical decision-making. Additionally, the shared experience of reading stories about talking animals strengthens the parent-child relationship and fosters a positive environment for mutual growth and learning. As families embark on these literary adventures, they not only cultivate empathy and understanding but also foster a sense of connection and shared values that transcend the pages of a storybook.

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My Virtual Physician is now offering pediatric behavioral health services. If you are concerned about your child's mental health needs, please book appointment with our pediatric cognitive-behavioral coach, Dr. Dalson: BOOK HERE 

Extraverted Feeling (Fe) is a cognitive function characterized by a strong focus on interpersonal dynamics, harmony, and empathy. 

Personality types dominant in Fe include: ESFJ, ENFJ. However, it is important to note that cognition is fluid, so any personality type can develop strong Fe and excel at the careers and tasks that require Fe.

For teens navigating the vast landscape of career options, understanding how Fe influences their interactions and decision-making can be pivotal in finding a fulfilling career path. Here's how Extraverted Feeling can guide teens towards professions that resonate with their empathetic and relational nature:

• Human Resources and People Management: Careers in human resources (HR) or people management are natural fits for teens with strong Fe. These roles involve understanding and meeting the needs of individuals within an organization, fostering positive work environments, and promoting collaboration and teamwork.
• Counseling and Social Work: Helping others navigate life's challenges and fostering emotional well-being are core aspects of careers in counseling and social work. Teens with Fe excel in these roles as they possess a natural ability to empathize, connect with others on an emotional level, and provide support and guidance.
• Healthcare Professions: Careers in healthcare, such as nursing, occupational therapy, or counseling psychology, require strong interpersonal skills and the ability to empathize with patients' experiences. Teens with Fe thrive in these professions as they are attuned to the emotional needs of others and are dedicated to providing compassionate care.
• Community Outreach and Nonprofit Work: Making a positive impact on communities and advocating for social causes are central to careers in community outreach and nonprofit organizations. Teens with Fe are passionate about fostering social harmony, addressing societal needs, and mobilizing resources to support vulnerable populations.
• Teaching and Education: Creating supportive learning environments and nurturing students' social and emotional development are key aspects of careers in teaching and education. Teens with Fe excel in these roles as they prioritize building positive relationships with students, fostering inclusivity, and promoting a sense of belonging.

In conclusion, understanding the influence of Extraverted Feeling can guide teens towards careers that emphasize empathy, interpersonal connections, and making a positive difference in the lives of others. By recognizing their natural ability to foster harmony, support others emotionally, and promote social well-being, teens can explore opportunities in human resources, counseling, healthcare, community outreach, nonprofit work, teaching, or education, leading to fulfilling and impactful careers.

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My Virtual Physician is now offering pediatric behavioral health services. If you are concerned about your child's mental health needs, please book appointment with our pediatric cognitive-behavioral coach, Dr. Dalson: BOOK HERE 

My Virtual Physician is now offering pediatric behavioral health services. If you are concerned about your child's mental health needs, please book appointment with our pediatric cognitive-behavioral coach, Dr. Dalson: BOOK HERE 

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In the vast literary landscape for children, there exists a timeless gem that continues to captivate young minds and foster meaningful discussions within families: the Bunnicula series by James Howe. Beyond its surface-level charm of adorable pets and amusing adventures, Bunnicula offers a rich tapestry of themes that promote cognitive-behavioral well-being in both children and their parents. Let's explore how delving into the adventures of Harold the dog, Chester the cat, and the supposed vampire rabbit called Bunnicula can pave the way for emotional growth and understanding.

Handling Uncertainty

One of the most prominent aspects of the Bunnicula series is the recurring theme of uncertainty, epitomized by Chester's over-suspicious and conspiratorial behavior around Bunnicula. First off, Bunnicula is a rabbit who leaves vegetables drained of color after sinking his teeth in them. Chester the cat develops an unending suspicion that Bunnicula is a vampire, believing him to be a threat. 

Chester's incessant paranoia serves as a mirror to the anxieties children often face when confronting the unknown, or when confronting something unfamiliar. By witnessing Chester's exaggerated fears and Harold's more balanced perspective, young readers can learn to differentiate between rational concerns and irrational paranoia.

Through the characters' experiences, children can grasp the importance of critical thinking and evidence-based reasoning when dealing with uncertainty. Moreover, engaging in discussions about Chester's behavior allows parents to address their children's fears and anxieties in a safe and supportive environment. By exploring the root causes of uncertainty and learning to approach them with rationality and calmness, families can cultivate resilience and emotional well-being in the face of the unknown.

Openness 

The addition of a new, unconventional rabbit to the Monroe household challenges the pets' preconceived notions and prejudices. Chester, in particular, embodies reluctance and close-mindedness in accepting Bunnicula, whose peculiar habits and mysterious origins unsettle him. On the other hand, Harold– the canine narrator of the story– demonstrates friendliness, curiosity, and compassion for the new rabbit. 

By comparing how the two characters handle Bunnicula’s presence and habits, children can learn the importance of curiosity, empathy, and acceptance when encountering the unfamiliar. Parents, in turn, can facilitate discussions around embracing diversity, respecting individual differences, and challenging stereotypes, thereby fostering a culture of inclusivity and understanding within the family unit.

 

 

The Bunnicula series has great potential as a catalyst for cognitive-behavioral well-being in both children and their parents. By delving into the themes of uncertainty and openness, families can embark on a journey of self-discovery, empathy, and growth.  Bunnicula: A Rabbit-Tale of Mystery: Deborah Howe, James Howe: 9781416928171: Amazon.com: Books

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My Virtual Physician is now offering pediatric behavioral health services. If you are concerned about your child's mental health needs, please book appointment with our pediatric cognitive-behavioral coach, Dr. Dalson: BOOK HERE 

My Virtual Physician is now offering pediatric behavioral health services. If you are concerned about your child's mental health needs, please book appointment with our pediatric cognitive-behavioral coach, Dr. Dalson: BOOK HERE 

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As parents, nurturing your children's cognitive-behavioral development is a priority. However, being proactive requires having a proper framework of understanding for how cognition works. 

According to Jungian psychology and evidence-based theories about cognition and personality (link to Harry’s book), we can understand our cognition through 8 categories of “cognitive functions.” In the previous article, we discussed 4 of the 8 functions. Here, we will focus on the remaining 4. 

Let's explore how parents can support their children in developing the healthy versions of these 4 cognitive functions while mitigating the risks associated with their unhealthy manifestations:

1. Introverted Thinking (Ti)

Definition: judging internal logical order.

Healthy Ti: logical reasoning, problem-solving skills, and a penchant for critical analysis.

Unhealthy Ti: overthinking everything, becoming overly detached or dismissive of emotions, overestimating personal intelligence

Healthy Ti involves logical reasoning, problem-solving skills, and a penchant for critical analysis. Parents can foster this by encouraging their children to ask questions, explore ideas independently, and engage in activities that stimulate their analytical thinking, such as puzzles and logic games. However, it's crucial to prevent Ti from becoming overly detached or dismissive of emotions. Encourage open communication and validate your child's feelings to prevent them from retreating into intellectualization as a coping mechanism.

2. Extroverted Thinking (Te)

Definition: judging outer logical order.

Healthy version: organization, efficiency, and effective decision-making. 

Unhealthy version: bossy, gives unsolicited advice, overworks oneself

Te in its healthy form is characterized by organization, efficiency, and effective decision-making. Parents can support this by providing structure and routines, encouraging responsibility, and involving children in planning and problem-solving activities. However, beware of fostering an overly rigid or authoritarian mindset. Encourage flexibility, creativity, and empathy to ensure that Te is balanced with consideration for others' perspectives and feelings.

3. Introverted Feeling (Fi)

Definition: judging internal emotional order.

Healthy version: authentic, self-expressive, passionate about their values

Unhealthy version: overly sensitive, emotionally volatile or pessimistic, unrealistically idealistic

Healthy Fi involves a strong sense of values, authenticity, and empathy. Parents can nurture this by encouraging their children to explore and express their emotions, validating their feelings, and teaching them to stand up for their beliefs. However, be mindful of the tendency for Fi to become overly self-absorbed or judgmental. Encourage your child to consider others' perspectives, practice active listening, and cultivate compassion and understanding towards others.

4. Extroverted Feeling (Fe)

Definition: judging external emotional order.

Healthy version: harmonizing, charismatic, great at emotionally interacting with others

Unhealthy version: emotionally manipulative, desperate for social approval, overly dependent on relationships with others

Fe in its healthy expression involves empathy, diplomacy, and harmonious interpersonal relationships. Parents can support this by teaching their children to be considerate of others' feelings, fostering cooperation and teamwork, and modeling positive social behaviors. However, be cautious of Fe becoming excessively people-pleasing or sacrificing one's own needs for the sake of harmony. Encourage assertiveness, boundary-setting, and self-care to ensure that your child's emotional well-being is prioritized alongside their relationships with others.

In conclusion, being proactive with your child's cognitive development involves understanding and nurturing each of the eight Jungian cognitive functions in their healthy forms while mitigating the risks associated with their unhealthy manifestations. By providing a supportive and enriching environment that balances structure with flexibility, empathy with critical thinking, and curiosity with discipline, parents can empower their children to navigate the complexities of the world with confidence, resilience, and creativity.

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My Virtual Physician is now offering pediatric behavioral health services. If you are concerned about your child's mental health needs, please book appointment with our pediatric cognitive-behavioral coach, Dr. Dalson: BOOK HERE 

Introverted Thinking (Ti) is one of the cognitive functions described in the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) framework. It's a way of processing information internally, relying on logical analysis and a deep understanding of systems and principles. Personality types dominant in Ti include: ISTP, INTP. However, it is important to note that cognition is fluid, so any personality type can develop strong Ti and excel at the careers and tasks that require Ti.

For teens, understanding how Ti operates can be instrumental in discovering suitable career paths.

Teens who possess a strong Ti function often find themselves drawn to careers that involve problem-solving, analysis, and logical reasoning. Here are some career paths that align well with Introverted Thinking:

• Engineering: Engineering careers, whether in mechanical, electrical, civil, or software engineering, require a strong grasp of logical principles and problem-solving abilities. Teens with Ti often excel in this field due to their analytical mindset and penchant for understanding how systems work.
• Computer Science and Programming: The world of coding and programming is a natural fit for individuals with strong Ti. They enjoy the process of breaking down complex problems into logical steps and finding efficient solutions, making them well-suited for roles as software developers, data analysts, or IT specialists.
• Research and Development: Teens with Ti often thrive in environments where they can explore ideas deeply and conduct thorough research. Careers in scientific research, academic research, or innovation-driven industries allow them to apply their analytical skills to uncover new discoveries or improve existing systems.
• Finance and Accounting: Analyzing data, identifying patterns, and making logical decisions are essential aspects of careers in finance and accounting. Teens with Ti excel in these fields as they can analyze financial data meticulously and develop strategic plans based on logical reasoning.
• Law and Legal Professions: The legal field demands precise reasoning, critical analysis, and a deep understanding of complex systems. Teens with Ti often find success as lawyers, paralegals, or legal analysts, where they can utilize their logical thinking to dissect legal issues and develop compelling arguments.

Understanding the Introverted Thinking function can provide valuable insights for teens as they explore potential career paths. By recognizing their natural strengths in logical analysis and problem-solving, teens can make informed decisions about pursuing careers that align with their Ti preferences, leading to greater fulfillment and success in their chosen professions.

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My Virtual Physician is now offering pediatric behavioral health services. If you are concerned about your child's mental health needs, please book appointment with our pediatric cognitive-behavioral coach, Dr. Dalson: BOOK HERE 

My Virtual Physician is now offering pediatric behavioral health services. If you are concerned about your child's mental health needs, please book appointment with our pediatric cognitive-behavioral coach, Dr. Dalson: BOOK HERE 

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According to evidence-based personality psychology, there are 8 major cognitive styles our brains can use: extravert sensing (Se), introvert sensing (Si), extravert intuition (Ne), introvert intuition (Ni), extravert thinking (Te), introvert thinking (Ti), extravert feeling (Fe), introvert feeling (Fi). Please refer to this article for detailed descriptions of these cognitive styles: Virtual Pediatrics: Behavioral Health for Children (myvirtualphysician.com)

These 8 cognitive styles develop in early childhood. After adolescence, the brain matures and "personality type" becomes more well-defined. 

Thus, after age 18, people can be understood based on 16 personality types, each of which have their own unique ways of using the above 8 cognitive styles.  The personality types are based on 4 dichotomies:

• Extraversion (E) vs Introversion (I)
• Sensing (S) vs Intuition (N)
• Thinking (T) vs Feeling (F)
• Judging (J) vs Perceiving (P)

Let’s explore the healthy and unhealthy versions of these personalities as they develop in both adults and children:

 

1. ESFP 

• • Healthiest: Expresses enthusiasm, energy, and sociability. Fosters liveliness and fun through playful interactions.  
  • Unhealthiest: Expresses impulsivity, superficiality, and obnoxious vanity. Recklessly self-indulges and seeks attention through dramatic behaviors.
  • Cognition

• Passionately expresses: Se 

• Loyally expresses: Fi

• Leisurely expresses: Te

• Aspirationally expresses: Ni

• Respectfully expresses: Si

• Sparingly expresses: Fe

• Reluctantly expresses: Ti

• Nonchalantly expresses: Ne

2. ESTP

• • Healthiest: Expresses confidence, boldness, and street-smartness. Inspires action and excitement in others.
  • Unhealthiest: Expresses crudeness, impulsivity, and scornfulness. Engages in scandalous behavior and can be manipulative or combative.
  • Cognition

• Passionately expresses: Se 

• Loyally expresses: Ti

• Leisurely expresses: Fe

• Aspirationally expresses: Ni

• Respectfully expresses: Si

• Sparingly expresses: Te

• Reluctantly expresses: Fi

• Nonchalantly expresses: Ne

3. ENFP

• • Healthiest: Expresses spontaneity, optimism, and open-mindedness. Inspires authenticity, openness, and growth in others. 
  • Unhealthiest: Expresses sloppiness, disorganized thinking, and delusional idealism. Scatterbrained, unreliable, and disrespectfully unconventional.
  • Cognition

• Passionately expresses: Ne 

• Loyally expresses: Fi

• Leisurely expresses: Te

• Aspirationally expresses: Si

• Respectfully expresses: Ni

• Sparingly expresses: Fe

• Reluctantly expresses: Ti

• Nonchalantly expresses: Se

4. ENTP 

• • Healthiest: Expresses cleverness, playful mischief, and persuasion. Encourages intellectual challenge and debate.
  • Unhealthiest: Expresses deceitful cunning, harmful mischief, and nihilism. Fills in personal voids by finding entertainment in stirring chaos among others.
  • Cognition

• Passionately expresses: Ne 

• Loyally expresses: Fe

• Leisurely expresses: Ti

• Aspirationally expresses: Si

• Respectfully expresses: Ni

• Sparingly expresses: Fi

• Reluctantly expresses: Te

• Nonchalantly expresses: Se

5. ESTJ 

• • Healthiest: Expresses assertiveness, attention to detail, and service-oriented authority. Fosters structure and responsibility in leadership.
  • Unhealthiest: Expresses hardheartedness, inflexibility, and forceful authority. Stifles others’ input and imposes overcontrolling behavior with a victim mentality.
  • Cognition

• Passionately expresses: Te 

• Loyally expresses: Si

• Leisurely expresses: Ne

• Aspirationally expresses: Fi

• Respectfully expresses: Ti

• Sparingly expresses: Se

• Reluctantly expresses: Ni

• Nonchalantly expresses: Fe

6. ENTJ 

• • Healthiest: Expresses confidence, service-oriented authority, and visionary agenda-setting. Develops healthy ambitions and leads others toward achievement.
  • Unhealthiest: Expresses arrogance, ruthlessness, and forceful behavior. Dismisses others' input and uses manipulative business tactics to maintain control.
  • Cognition

• Passionately expresses: Te

• Loyally expresses: Ni

• Leisurely expresses: Se

• Aspirationally expresses: Fi

• Respectfully expresses: Ti

• Sparingly expresses: Ne

• Reluctantly expresses: Si

• Nonchalantly expresses: Fe

 

7. ESFJ 

• • Healthiest: Expresses enthusiasm, devotion as a caretaker, and assertive emotional support. Uses positive emotional expression to encourage harmony and cooperation in others.
  • Unhealthiest: Expresses overbearing behavior, dishonest emotional expression, and desperation for approval. Becomes overly dependent on others for personal happiness and is extremely rigid in emotional expectations of others.
  • Cognition

• Passionately expresses: Fe 

• Loyally expresses: Si

• Leisurely expresses: Ne

• Aspirationally expresses: Ti

• Respectfully expresses: Fi

• Sparingly expresses: Se

• Reluctantly expresses: Ni

• Nonchalantly expresses: Te

8. ENFJ 

• • Healthiest: Expresses charisma, nurturing behavior, and wisdom. Engages in positive emotional expression to inspire, encourage, and mentor others.
  • Unhealthiest: Expresses deceitful cunning, fake behavior, and desperation for validation. Uses emotional manipulation to get what they want from others, as well as to avoid shame from doing so.
  • Cognition

• Passionately expresses: Fe 

• Loyally expresses: Ni

• Leisurely expresses: Se

• Aspirationally expresses: Ti

• Respectfully expresses: Fi

• Sparingly expresses: Ne

• Reluctantly expresses: Si

• Nonchalantly expresses: Te

9. ISTJ 

• • Healthiest: Expresses dependability, clear communication, and organization. Devoted to fulfilling responsibilities with diligence and thoroughness, for themselves and for others.
  • Unhealthiest: Expresses rigidity, narrow-mindedness, and obsession with personal rules. Very prideful about their extremely fixed ways, is resistant to change, and imposes strict standards on others.
  • Cognition

• Passionately expresses: Si

• Loyally expresses: Te

• Leisurely expresses: Fi

• Aspirationally expresses: Ne

• Respectfully expresses: Se

• Sparingly expresses: Ti

• Reluctantly expresses: Fe

• Nonchalantly expresses: Ni

 

10. ISFJ 

• • Healthiest: Expresses warmth, compassion, and dependability. Upholds their responsibilities while especially being mindful of others’ emotional needs.
  • Unhealthiest: Expresses passive-aggression, conflict-avoidant politeness, and obsession with precision and accuracy. Quietly overcontrolling, manipulates others into depending on them, and sacrifices personal needs while becoming resentful to those they are serving.
  • Cognition

• Passionately expresses: Si 

• Loyally expresses: Fe

• Leisurely expresses: Ti

• Aspirationally expresses: Ne

• Respectfully expresses: Se

• Sparingly expresses: Fi

• Reluctantly expresses: Te

• Nonchalantly expresses: Ni

11. INTJ 

• • Healthiest: Expresses visionary imagination, wisdom, and commitment to meaningful goals. Develops ideas to look forward to while inspiring innovation and efficiency in themselves and others.
  • Unhealthiest: Expresses arrogance, inflexibility, and goal-oriented obsession. Becomes extremely dogmatic, selfishly fixated on personal goals, and haughtily dismissive of alternatives. 
  • Cognition

• Passionately expresses: Ni 

• Loyally expresses: Te

• Leisurely expresses: Fi

• Aspirationally expresses: Se

• Respectfully expresses: Ne

• Sparingly expresses: Ti

• Reluctantly expresses: Fe

• Nonchalantly expresses: Si

12. INFJ 

• • Healthiest: Expresses wisdom, compassion, and social perceptiveness. Uses gentle encouragement combined with logical principles to guide and inspire harmony among others. 
  • Unhealthiest: Expresses coldness, cunning, and delusional beliefs. Becomes extremely rigid and grandiose in their beliefs, withdrawing emotionally while subtly imposing misguided ideals on others.
  • Cognition

• Passionately expresses: Ni 

• Loyally expresses: Fe

• Leisurely expresses: Ti

• Aspirationally expresses: Se

• Respectfully expresses: Ne

• Sparingly expresses: Fi

• Reluctantly expresses: Te

• Nonchalantly expresses: Si

13. ISTP 

• • Healthiest: Expresses adaptiveness, street-smartness, and independence. Demonstrates resourcefulness and hands-on skills to help others.
  • Unhealthiest: Expresses coldness, dismissiveness of others’ emotions, and recklessness. Becomes isolated and detached from over-prioritizing their independence. 
  • Cognition

• Passionately expresses: Ti 

• Loyally expresses: Se

• Leisurely expresses: Ni

• Aspirationally expresses: Fe

• Respectfully expresses: Te

• Sparingly expresses: Si

• Reluctantly expresses: Ne

• Nonchalantly expresses: Fi

14. INTP 

• • Healthiest: Expresses analytical behavior, meticulousness, and curiosity. Driven to learn and explore new ideas that can help improve the world.
  • Unhealthiest: Expresses social bitterness, neglectfulness of others’ emotions, and delusional obsession with logical principles. Becomes isolated, disorganized, and socially inept, while using sneaky ways to bully or sabotage others.
  • Cognition

• Passionately expresses: Ti 

• Loyally expresses: Ne

• Leisurely expresses: Si

• Aspirationally expresses: Fe

• Respectfully expresses: Te

• Sparingly expresses: Se

• Reluctantly expresses: Ni

• Nonchalantly expresses: Fi

15. ISFP 

• • Healthiest: Expresses authenticity, adventurousness, and creativity. Unashamed to pursue what makes them happy, while also eager to help others with the activities they enjoy. 
  • Unhealthiest: Expresses emotional volatility, mood swings, and hotheadedness. Swings from extreme self-doubt to extreme grandiosity, while experiencing extremes in laziness, overproductivity, and anxious-avoidant tendencies.
  • Cognition

• Passionately expresses: Fi 

• Loyally expresses: Se

• Leisurely expresses: Ni

• Aspirationally expresses: Te

• Respectfully expresses: Fe

• Sparingly expresses: Si

• Reluctantly expresses: Ne

• Nonchalantly expresses: Ti

 

16. INFP 

• • Healthiest: Expresses sincerity, reflectiveness, and open-mindedness. Adaptable while very devoted to their values and the people they care deeply about. 
  • Unhealthiest: Expresses pessimism, unrealistic idealism, and anxious obsession with personal identity. Becomes very passive about responding to the needs of others while stubborn about their unconventional desires, which often cause conflict with those around them. 
  • Cognition

• Passionately expresses: Fi 

• Loyally expresses: Ne

• Leisurely expresses: Si

• Aspirationally expresses: Te

• Respectfully expresses: Fe

• Sparingly expresses: Ni

• Reluctantly expresses: Se

• Nonchalantly expresses: Ti

 

To explore how these personality types relate to parenting styles, visit Online Pediatrician: Guide to Parenting Styles & Care (myvirtualphysician.com)

My Virtual Physician is now offering pediatric behavioral health services. If you are concerned about your child's mental health needs, please book appointment with our pediatric cognitive-behavioral coach, Dr. Dalson: BOOK HERE 

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According to evidence-based personality psychology, there are 8 major cognitive styles our brains can use:

• Extraverted Sensing (Se) = Specific perception of external world
  • Healthy version: being present-focused, adventurous, and attuned to sensory experiences.
  • Unhealthy version: sensory indulgence, hyperactivity, impulsivity, reckless behavior.
• Introverted Sensing (Si) = Specific perception of internal world
  • Healthy version: having attention to detail, strong memory recall, and a sense of tradition and nostalgia.
  • Unhealthy version: becoming overly resistant to change or fixated on past experiences.
• Extraverted Intuition (Ne) = Broad perception of external world
  • Healthy version: spontaneity, diversity, innovation, and adaptability.
  • Unhealthy version: scattered thinking, indecisiveness, disrespect for tradition, inability to adhere to routines
• Introverted Intuition (Ni) = Broad perception of internal world
  • Healthy version: insight, foresight, philosophizing, visionary imagination for meaningful, innovative ideas.
  • Unhealthy version: detachment from reality, neglect of present responsibilities, extreme frustration with unexpected outcomes.
• Extraverted Thinking (Te) = external logical order
  • Healthy version: organization, efficiency, and effective decision-making.
  • Unhealthy version: bossy, gives unsolicited advice, overworks oneself
• Introverted Thinking (Ti) = internal logical order
  • Healthy version: logical reasoning, problem-solving skills, and a penchant for critical analysis.
  • Unhealthy version: overthinking everything, becoming overly detached or dismissive of emotions, overestimating personal intelligence
• Extraverted Feeling (Fe) = external emotional order
  • Healthy version: harmonizing, charismatic, great at emotionally interacting with others
  • Unhealthy version: emotionally manipulative, desperate for social approval, overly dependent on relationships with others
• Introverted Feeling (Fi) = internal emotional order
  • Healthy version: authentic, self-expressive, passionate about their values
  • Unhealthy version: overly sensitive, emotionally volatile or rigidly pessimistic, unrealistically idealistic

These 8 cognitive styles develop in early childhood. After adolescence, the brain matures and "personality type" becomes more well-defined.

Thus, after age 18, people can be understood based on 16 personality types, each of which have their own unique ways of using the above 8 cognitive styles:

Do not worry if this looks complicated! This is just meant to outline how there are 16 different cognitive frameworks our brains can take on. The important thing to note is that there are different ways people can use the 8 cognitive styles.

And an even more important part to note: it is NOT recommended to speculate which of these 16 types your child may have. Given that children's brains are developing, it is unclear if a certain behavior pattern or cognitive preference is based on their personality preferences or if it's just a phase they are going through as their brain matures.

Therefore, it is recommended to focus on helping your child develop each of the 8 cognitive modes in healthy ways, rather than understanding which of the following 16 types your child has. Until the child reaches age 18, it is not recommended to decipher their personality type.

Instead, focus on your own cognitive preferences and understand which of the 16 cognitive frameworks fit you best. This is helpful for developing a healthy parenting style that suits your own personality.

For more information on how these personality types and cognitive frameworks can relate to parenting styles, check out

16 Types of Parenting Styles - My Virtual Physician

 

For more information on evidence-based research on these personality types, check out Cognitive Personality Theory: Murrell, Harry: 9798421238645: Amazon.com: Books

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My Virtual Physician is now offering pediatric behavioral health services. If you are concerned about your child's mental health needs, please book appointment with our pediatric cognitive-behavioral coach, Dr. Dalson: BOOK HERE 

My Virtual Physician is now offering pediatric behavioral health services. To meet with our pediatric cognitive-behavioral physician, schedule an appointment here. 

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Parenting is a journey filled with challenges and rewards, requiring caregivers to adapt their approach to meet the individual needs of each child. And to maximize your ability to care for your child, it is crucial to understand how your cognition operates when you are in parenting mode.

According to evidence-based personality psychology, there are 8 cognitive styles that our brain can adopt. Let's explore how these 8 cognitive styles might manifest in parenting styles:

 

• Introverted Thinking (Ti): This cognitive mode is what prompts you to be logical and analytical. When your brain is in Ti mode, you will encourage children to question and explore ideas independently, fostering critical thinking skills and intellectual curiosity. Ti-dominant parents emphasize the importance of understanding and reasoning, promoting a structured and systematic approach to learning.

 

• Extraverted Thinking (Te): This cognitive mode is what prompts you to be organized and efficient. Using Te involves establishing clear rules and expectations for children, emphasizing discipline and accountability. Te-oriented parenting focuses on practical skills and achievements, preparing children for success in the external world.

 

• Introverted Feeling (Fi): This cognitive mode is what prompts you to be empathetic and compassionate. Using Fi allows you to foster authenticity and emotional expression in your children. Fi-dominant parents encourage their children to follow their hearts and uphold their personal values, fostering a strong sense of self-awareness and integrity.

 

• Extraverted Feeling (Fe): This cognitive mode is what prompts you to be emotionally interactive and sociable. Using Fe means fostering harmony and cooperation in your family life, nurturing strong bonds and relationships. Fe-oriented parenting emphasizes emotional exchanges and consideration for others’ feelings, teaching children the importance of emotional awareness and harmony.

 

• Introverted Sensing (Si): This cognitive mode is what prompts you to be grounded and routine. Putting your brain in Si mode enables you to provide stability and structure for your children, emphasizing tradition and routine. Si-dominant parents instill a sense of security and responsibility in their children, drawing on past experiences to guide their actions and decisions.

 

• Extraverted Sensing (Se): This cognitive mode is what prompts you to be adventurous and aware of your surroundings. Using Se means encouraging your children to explore the world around them through sensory experiences and hands-on activities. Se-oriented parenting focuses on living in the present moment and embracing new adventures, fostering a sense of excitement and spontaneity.

 

• Introverted Intuition (Ni): This cognitive mode is what prompts you to be visionary and insightful. Using Ni during parenting involves guiding your children to use their imagination and reflect on the underlying patterns and meanings in life. Ni-dominant parents inspire their children to pursue their dreams and aspirations, fostering a sense of purpose and direction.

 

• Extraverted Intuition (Ne): This cognitive mode is what prompts you to be spontaneous, experimental, and open to new ideas. Using Ne means guiding your children to think outside the box and explore a wide range of possibilities. Ne-oriented parenting fosters curiosity and open-mindedness, encouraging children to embrace change and adaptability.

 

In sum, each of the 8 cognitive skills plays a valuable role in your parenting. By understanding and embracing these different cognitive modes, parents can cultivate a supportive and nurturing environment that meets the individual needs of their children, fostering growth and development in all aspects of life.